Within the stock market, the term overweight can be used in two different contexts.
1.) A rating of a stock by a
financial analyst
A financial analyst is a professional, undertaking financial analysis for external or internal clients as a core feature of the job.
The role may specifically be titled securities analyst, research analyst, equity analyst, investment analyst, ...
as better value for money than other stocks. The other possible ratings are "
underweight
An underweight person is a person whose body weight is considered too low to be healthy. A person who is underweight is malnourished.
Assessment
The body mass index, a ratio of a person's weight to their height, has traditionally been used ...
" and "equal weight", to indicate a particular stock's attractiveness.
2.) A judgement of an investment portfolio that it holds proportionately more than the
benchmark weight of a certain
asset
In financial accounting, an asset is any resource owned or controlled by a business or an economic entity. It is anything (tangible or intangible) that can be used to produce positive economic value. Assets represent value of ownership that can ...
(a share, bond, industry/sector, country, currency, or asset class, etc.).
Examples
Definition 1: If a particular stock is selling for $500 and the analyst feels that the stock is worth $600, the analyst would be declaring the stock to be overweight.
Definition 2: Suppose that Technology stocks make up 10% of the relevant
stock index
In finance, a stock index, or stock market index, is an index that measures a stock market, or a subset of the stock market, that helps investors compare current stock price levels with past prices to calculate market performance.
Two of the pr ...
by market value. For example, the weight of the Technology sector in the index could be 10%.
Overweight — Suppose that an investor holds 15% of his/her investment in Technology stocks. The investor's stock portfolio is then 5% overweight in Technology stocks.
Suppose further that the investor is advised by his broker or financial adviser that technology stocks should be "overweight." The investor is being advised to hold more investments in Technology, as a percentage, than the weight of that asset in the index/market. In this example, the recommendation is to hold more than 10% by value of Technology shares.
Underweight — In contrast to overweight holding, if the broker advises that technology stocks should be "underweight," the recommendation to the investor is to hold less than 10% by value of Technology shares.
Equal weight - The third possibility is that the broker advises that technology stocks should be "equal weight." In which case, the recommendation is to hold 10% by value of Technology shares.
References
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Stock market